Animal Science and Food Technology

The effect of protected choline on metabolic processes, performance, and health of cows and calves: A review

Yurii Kurylenko, Iryna Suprun
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Abstract

Following calving, cows frequently experience an energy deficit, leading to the mobilisation of fat reserves and rendering them more susceptible to metabolic disorders such as fatty liver and ketosis. Given the increasing demands for dairy productivity and product quality, identifying effective strategies to enhance energy balance and metabolic health has become critically important. One promising approach that has garnered significant attention is the inclusion of rumen-protected choline in dairy cow diets. This review aimed to assess and summarise the effects of rumen protected choline supplementation on milk performance, metabolic well-being, and reproductive outcomes in cows. The review encompassed studies conducted from 2000 to mid 2024, focusing on parameters such as dry matter intake, milk yield, blood metabolites, incidence of metabolic disorders, and reproductive traits. Research findings indicated that rumen protected choline can enhance milk quality and yield; however, its effects on metabolic health and reproductive functions remain inconsistent. An increase in dry matter intake has been observed, which helps reduce energy imbalance during early lactation and contributes to higher milk yield. However, findings related to metabolic health have been inconsistent, potentially due to variations in experimental conditions. Rumen-protected choline has demonstrated a positive effect in reducing the incidence of ketosis and mastitis, although its impact on reproductive performance has shown mixed results. The available data suggest that rumen-protected choline may improve colostrum quality, positively influencing calf health. Studies emphasised the importance of adequate choline intake during pregnancy and postpartum for proper foetal development. Further research is required to optimise the use of rumen-protected choline in dairy farming. Given the potential benefits and variability of outcomes associated with the use of rumen-protected choline in the dairy industry, its effects warrant further investigation

Keywords

dairy farming; metabolic balance; metabolic disorders; ketosis; reproductive performance; colostrum

Suggested citation
Kurylenko, Yu., & Suprun, I. (2024). The effect of protected choline on metabolic processes, performance, and health of cows and calves: A review. Animal Science and Food Technology, 15(4), 9-24. https://doi.org/10.31548/animal.4.2024.09
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