The relevance of the study is due to the problem that is characteristic of various types of screw press structures, which leave up to 16% of the oil in the cake when pressing sunflower oil. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to find rational methods to improve the design of twin-screw extrusion presses to increase the oil yield. The leading methods for solving this problem are empirical research methods that allow comprehensively considering the stages of improving the geometric configuration of the screw shaft based on observation and finding a rational solution to the problem by measuring and experimenting. The paper analyses the features of technical means for grinding oil-containing raw materials in presses and extrusion presses, justifies the need to develop new grinding working bodies. The need to supplement the existing ideas about the interaction of special grinding working bodies with transport and compressive screw nozzles and the development of grinding units for twin-screw extrusion presses produced in Ukraine are clarified. Experimental studies were conducted with the developed design of new working bodies – cylindrical-conical nozzles. They create an intermediate compression of oil-containing raw materials, aimed at intensifying grinding with simultaneous mixing of the processed oil-containing material. A triple repetition of the increase in the degree of compression was obtained when installing three pairs of cylindrical-conical nozzles along the length of the screw shaft. Their use allowed for intensifying the degree of pressure increase and the additional oil yield of up to 3.1%. With each processed ton of seeds, due to the increase in the amount of pressed oil, the profit of enterprises that will improve twin-screw extrusion presses with these working bodies will also increase accordingly.
oil production, oil press, geometric parameters, cylindrical cone nozzles, oil yield
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